ABSTRACT
To assess blood flow velocity in newly diagnosed indigenous black- skinned Africans with primary open angle glaucoma [POAG]. Prospective case-control study at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria on 50 newly diagnosed POAG patients [POAG group] and 50 control patients [control group]. Ocular Doppler Color Imaging was performed on subjects in the supine position using 9 MHz linear array transducer of a Fukuda Denshi Ultrasound, The Peak Systolic Velocity [PSV] and End Diastolic Velocity [EDV] values were obtained by finding the average of two readings each for the ophthalmic artery [OA] and central retinal artery [CRA]. Resistive Index [RI] was calculated as [PSV - EDV]/PSV Data were analyzed and statistical significance was defined at P< 0.05. The mean intraocular pressure [IOP] for the POAG group and control group was 28.1 +/- 7.4 mmHg and 16.6 +/- 2.0 mmHg, respectively [P< 0.001]. The mean PSV for OAwas 31.35 cm/s in POAG group and 37.61 cm/s for the control group [P< 0.001]. The EDV for both OA and CRA were significantly lower in glaucoma patients as compared with the corresponding values in the control group [P< 0.001, both comparisons]. The mean RI in the OA was 0.71 +/- 0.05 and 0.63 +/- 0.03 for the POAG and control group groups, respectively [P < 0.001]. The increase in IOP in the POAG group was statistically significantly negatively correlated with PSV and EDV and positively correlated with RI for both OA and CRA. The outcomes of this study indicate that ocular blood flow alterations including reductions in PSV and EDV and increase in RI of the OA and CRA are present in black- skinned Africans with POAG
ABSTRACT
Background: This study was aimed at determining the ophthalmic manifestations of patients presenting with brain tumours in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Method: A retrospective crossectional review of patients with brain tumors in the Neurosurgical Unit of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife from January 2003 to December 2007 was conducted. Data on biodata, source of referral, diagnosis, visual acuity at presentation and management were recorded and analyzed for simple frequency using the SPSS version 11. Visual acuity was classified using the WHO classification for presenting acuity in the better eye. Results: Out of a total of 94 patients, 88 with complete information were reviewed. There were 53 [60.2%] males and 35 [39.8%] females; the mean age was 36.2±20 years. Fourteen [15.9%] patients were referred by Ophthalmologists. Meningiomas(36.4%), craniopharyngioma(13.6%) and gliomas(9.1%) were the most common brain tumours encountered. Fifty nine(67.9%) had visual complains at presentation; poor vision (46.6%) and double vision (12.5%) were the most common ocular symptoms while opticatrophy was the commonest ocular sign (23.9%). 46 (52%) %) were blind while 14(16%) had visual impairment. Patients with visual impairment and blindness were more likely to have visual complains at presentation (88.3%) compared with 50% amongst patients with normal vision (P=0.003). Conclusion: Ophthalmic signs and symptoms form a major part of presentation in patients with intracranial tumours. Health education and complete ophthalmic evaluation is essential in patients with brain tumours
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Eye Manifestations , Hospitals, Teaching , Nigeria , Signs and SymptomsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Eye diseases are important cause of medical consultation in children, with the spectrum varying in different localities. This study aimed to determine the spectrum of childhood eye diseases in a tertiary hospital serving rural and semi-rural communities. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients less than 15 years old who presented to the eye clinic of Wesley Guild Hospital Ilesa, Nigeria between January 2001 and December 2006. Data on age at presentation, age at onset of disease, sex and diagnosis were collected and analyzed using SPSS. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: We evaluated the reports of 286 children, with a male:female ratio of 1:1.1. Children aged 11-15 years made up the largest group (p=0.013). Ocular trauma (21.7 percent), allergic conjunctivitis (17.8 percent), infections of the eye and its adnexa (15.4 percent) and refractive errors (14.3 percent) were the most common conditions. Ocular injury was more common in males (p=0.002) and children aged 6-10 years, and 87.1 percent of these cases were a closed globe injury. Infections were seen more commonly among females and children aged 0-5 years, with keratitis representing 40.9 percent of these cases. Congenital eye disease represented 13.3 percent of childhood eye diseases. CONCLUSION: The prevalent childhood eye diseases recorded here can lead to absenteeism from school and are potentially blinding. Health education aimed at the prevention of ocular trauma and prompt presentation for the management of other eye diseases should be encouraged.